Covid-19: Ancient Shock

I’ve been thinking about Covid-19 and reading all the pushback against the shutdown. I don’t know what the best policy should be durning this time. What’s good for society might not be good for the individual. Or for certain specific individuals. I expect the economy will be reopened within a month because enough people will demand it and we’re still a democracy. 

Before coming out of hibernation, what everyone needs to consider is the context of Covid-19 in American history. Covid-19 has killed forty thousand Americans in a mere fifty days. That’s a Hurricane Katrina a day. That many Americans dying in so short a time period has only happened twice: the 1918 flu pandemic and some vicious months of the Civil War. Regardless of what the infection rate turns out to be, we’re losing Americans to this virus faster than any event in the last century.

Individual states and cities have it much worse than the USA as a whole.

New York City

  • 8,398,748 population / 129,788 positive cases = 1 out of every 65 New York city residents has tested positive for Covid-19

  • 8,398,748 population / 8,811 deaths = 1 out of every 953 New York city residents has died

There is also a lot of skepticism around the numbers. While it’s true that we’re undercounting positive cases and deaths, we’re still able to conduct more than 100,000 tests a day. Those types of results work as a very large sample pool to assess trends. Presidential polls function using only two to three thousand people interviewed over several days. 

People are also often asking why America has it so bad. While true that we have the most positive cases and deaths, we also have the third largest population of any country on the planet. A better comparison is deaths per 100,000 people. Here are the top ten countries using the standard morbidity metric:

  • Belgium - 50

  • Spain - 47

  • Italy - 40

  • France - 31

  • UK - 24

  • Netherlands - 22

  • Switzerland - 17

  • Sweden - 16

  • Ireland - 14

  • USA - 13

Source is here. I limited my results to countries that have over a million people in population. It’s important to note that we have no idea what China’s numbers actually are. 

Some more historical context. Covid-19 is on pace to be one of the deadliest disasters in American History.

Daily Death Rates

  • Flu deaths per day (average season): 205

  • WWII average daily death rate: 292

  • American Civil War daily death rate: 504

  • Covid-19 US average death rate for April (1st - 19) = 1,866

Bad Days to be an American (deaths)  

  • 1945 - Iwo Jima: 6,821

  • 2020 - Covid-19 on April 14: 6,185

  • 1944 - D-Day: 4,500

  • 1968 - Tet Offensive: 3,178

  • 1906 - SF earthquake: 3,000

  • 2001 - 9/11: 2,977

  • 1941 - Pearl Harbor: 2,467

  • 1889 - Johnstown Flood: 2,209

  • 2005 - Hurricane Katrina: 1,836

Select American significant historical event death tolls

  • Civil War: 655,000

  • 1918 - 20 flu pandemic: 575,000

  • WWII: 405,399

  • WWI: 116,516

  • 1957–58 influenza pandemic: 93,000

  • 2020: Covid-19: 41,575

  • Korean War: 36,516

  • Revolutionary War: 25,000

  • War of 1812: 15,000

  • HIV/AIDs yearly deaths: 13,000

Source: Wikipedia except for Covid-19 deaths (see above). 

Growing up, I always wondered what it would be like to live through incredible, deadly, historical events. I got a little taste on 9/11. During Covid-19, I’ve learned how boring it can be. A 9/11 every two days by death count has just become the new normal. I am undergoing future shock only in reverse. The shock I’m experiencing, the ancients knew well. 

Note: my context and numbers are valid as of 20 APR 2020.

The Messy Straw

Everyone keeps saying Americans use 500 millions straws a day (Jacopo, 2018). The claim originated in 2011 with then nine year old Milo Cress (Langone, 2018). Since then, the claim has been published everywhere and had a huge impact on public policy. In the last two years, straw bans have been moving across the country one city at a time (Gibbens, 2019). This despite the fact that the central claim, that Americans use 500 million straws, has been widely debunked. Even Cress has said that people “should take it for what it is, which is a rough estimate from seven or eight years ago by a nine-year-old” (Graves, 2018). What gets lost in this debate is the truth. Straws aren’t a huge source of plastic pollution. 

No one actually knows how many straws are used in a day. It’s well below 500 million (Graves, 2018). Neither does most plastic come from the US. Close to 90% of all ocean plastic comes from only ten rivers in Asia and Africa (Patel, 2018). Not only do straws contribute little overall plastic to the world, eliminating them could be worse for the environment. Starbucks has developed new lids to replace straws. Those lids actually contain more plastic then the straws they replaced (Mahdawi, 2018).

We’re left with a dilemma. Is it better to signal to the world support for the environment with straw bans that might be counterproductive or should the messy truth be the message instead? Like most issues, reality is more complicated than the debate we’re having. 

References listed here